Tesla izasubira mu binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bitarimo ibintu bidasanzwe by'isi

Tesla yatangaje uyu munsi ku munsi w’abashoramari ko iyi sosiyete izubaka moteri y’imashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi adahoraho ku isi.
Ubutaka budasanzwe ni igufwa ryimpaka murwego rwo gutanga ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kuko ibikoresho biragoye kubibona kandi ibyinshi mubikorwa byisi bikorerwa cyangwa bitunganyirizwa mubushinwa.
Ibi nibyingenzi kubwimpamvu nyinshi, ntabwo aribyinshi muribi ubuyobozi bwa Biden bugezweho bwo gukora ibikoresho byibikoresho byamashanyarazi murugo.
Ariko, hariho imyumvire myinshi itari yo kubyerekeye REE icyo aricyo nuburyo REE ikoreshwa mumodoka yamashanyarazi.Mubyukuri, bateri ya lithium-ion muri rusange ntabwo irimo isi idasanzwe (nubwo irimo izindi "minerval zikomeye" nkuko byasobanuwe n itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga).
Imbonerahamwe yigihe, "isi idasanzwe" nibintu byerekanwe mumutuku ku gishushanyo gikurikira - lanthanide, kimwe na scandium na yttrium.Mubyukuri, ntibisanzwe cyane, hamwe na neodymium hafi bibiri bya gatatu byumuringa.
Ibintu bidakunze kubaho mubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikoreshwa mumoteri yimodoka, ntabwo ari bateri.Ikoreshwa cyane ni neodymium, rukuruzi ikomeye ikoreshwa muma disikuru, disiki zikomeye na moteri yamashanyarazi.Dysprosium na terbium bikunze gukoreshwa inyongera kuri magneti ya neodymium.
Na none, ntabwo ubwoko bwimodoka zose zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha REEs-Tesla irazikoresha mumashanyarazi yayo ahoraho DC, ariko ntabwo ikoreshwa na moteri ya AC induction.
Ku ikubitiro, Tesla yakoresheje moteri ya AC induction mu modoka zayo, zidasaba isi idasanzwe.Mubyukuri, aha niho izina ryisosiyete ryaturutse - Nikola Tesla niwe wavumbuye moteri ya induction.Ariko rero ubwo Model 3 yasohotse, isosiyete yazanye moteri nshya ya magneti ihoraho hanyuma amaherezo itangira kuyikoresha mu zindi modoka.
Tesla yavuze uyu munsi ko yashoboye kugabanya ubwinshi bw’ubutaka budasanzwe bukoreshwa muri ubwo bubasha bushya bwa Model 3 ku gipimo cya 25% hagati ya 2017 na 2022 bitewe n’imikorere myiza ya powertrain.
Ariko ubu birasa nkaho Tesla igerageza kubona ibyiza byisi byombi: moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho ariko nta isi idasanzwe.
Inzira nyamukuru kuri NdFeB kuri magnesi zihoraho ni ferrite yoroshye (oxyde de fer, mubisanzwe hiyongereyeho barium cyangwa strontium).Urashobora guhora ukora magnesi zihoraho zikomeye ukoresheje gusa magnesi, ariko umwanya uri imbere ya rotor ya moteri ni nto kandi NdFeBB irashobora gutanga magnetisiyasi hamwe nibikoresho bike.Ibindi bikoresho bya magneti bihoraho kumasoko harimo AlNiCo (AlNiCo), ikora neza mubushyuhe bwinshi ariko igatakaza magnetisiyonike byoroshye, hamwe na Samarium Cobalt, urundi rukuruzi rudasanzwe rusa na NdFeB ariko rwiza kubushyuhe bwinshi.Muri iki gihe hari ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwibikoresho byinshi bigamije gukemura icyuho kiri hagati ya ferrite nubutaka budasanzwe, ariko ibi biracyari muri laboratoire kandi bitarakorwa.
Ndakeka ko Tesla yabonye uburyo bwo gukoresha rotor hamwe na magnite ferrite.Niba bagabanije ibirimo REE, bivuze ko bagabanije umubare wa magnesi zihoraho muri rotor.Ndizera ko bahisemo kubona ibintu bitarenze ibisanzwe biva mugice kinini cya ferrite aho kuba agace gato ka NdFeB.Nshobora kuba nibeshye, bashobora kuba barakoresheje ubundi buryo kurwego rwo kugerageza.Ariko ibyo bisa nkaho bidashoboka kuri njye - Tesla igamije kubyara umusaruro mwinshi, bivuze cyane cyane isi idasanzwe cyangwa ferrite.
Mugihe cyo kwerekana umunsi wumushoramari, Tesla yerekanye igicapo kigereranya imikoreshereze yubutaka budasanzwe muri Model Y ihoraho ya moteri ya moteri hamwe na moteri ishobora kuzakurikiraho:
Tesla ntiyasobanuye ibintu yakoresheje, birashoboka ko yizera ko ayo makuru ari ibanga ry'ubucuruzi idashaka gutangaza.Ariko umubare wambere urashobora kuba neodymium, ahasigaye hashobora kuba dysprosium na terbium.
Kubijyanye na moteri izaza - neza, ntabwo rwose tuzi neza.Igishushanyo cya Tesla cyerekana ko moteri izakurikiraho izaba irimo rukuruzi ihoraho, ariko iyo magneti ntizakoresha isi idasanzwe.
Neodymium ishingiye kuri magnesi zihoraho zabaye igipimo cyibisabwa mugihe runaka, ariko ibindi bikoresho bishobora gushakishwa mumyaka icumi ishize kugirango bisimburwe.Mugihe Tesla itarasobanura neza icyo iteganya gukoresha, birasa nkaho iri hafi gufata icyemezo - cyangwa byibuze ikabona amahirwe yo kubona igisubizo cyiza mugihe cya vuba.
Jameson yatwaye ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kuva mu 2009 kandi yandika kubyerekeye ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ningufu zisukuye kuri electrok.co kuva 2016.