Magneti ya Neodymium / NdFeB Magnets ni iki?
Ubwoko Bwinshi bwarukuruzi-yisini rukuruzi ya neodymium, bakunze kwita NdFeB, NIB, cyangwa Neo.Neodymium, fer, na boron byahujwe kugirango habeho magnet ya Nd2Fe14B ya tetragonal kristaline.Imashini ya Neodymium nubwoko bukomeye bwa magneti ahoraho kurisoko.Byakozwe mu buryo butandukanye mu 1984 na General Motors na Sumitomo Metals idasanzwe.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo gukora bukoreshwa, Magnets ya NdFeB irashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nkaIcyahacyangwa bahujwe.Mubikorwa byinshi mubicuruzwa bigezweho bikenera magnesi zikomeye zihoraho, nka moteri yamashanyarazi mubikoresho bidafite umugozi, disiki ikomeye, hamwe na magnetiki yihuta, bafashe umwanya wubundi bwoko bwa magneti.
Ibisobanuro byimbaraga
Neodymium ni icyuma cya antifiromagnetiki cyerekana ibimenyetso bya magneti iyo cyera, ariko ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya 19 K (254.2 ° C; 425.5 ° F).Ibikoresho bya Neodymium hamwe na ferromagnetic yinzibacyuho nkicyuma, ifite ubushyuhe bwa Curie hejuru yubushyuhe bwicyumba, bikoreshwa mugukora magneti ya neodymium.
Imbaraga za Neodymium imbaraga ni ihuriro ryibintu bitandukanye.Ikigaragara cyane ni magnetocrystalline anisotropy yo hejuru cyane ya anisotropy ya tetragonal Nd2Fe14B ya kirisiti ya kirisitu (HA 7 T - imbaraga zumurima wa H mubice bya A / m kurwanya ibihe bya magneti muri Am2).Ibi byerekana ko kristu yibintu ikwirakwiza cyane kumurongo runaka wa kirisiti ariko ugasanga bigoye cyane gukanda mubindi byerekezo.Imisemburo ya neodymium, kimwe nizindi magneti, ikozwe mu binyampeke bya microcrystalline biri mu gihe cyo gukora bihujwe mu murima ukomeye wa rukuruzi ku buryo amashoka ya magneti yose yerekeza mu cyerekezo kimwe.Uru ruganda rufite imbaraga nyinshi cyane, cyangwa kurwanya demagnetisation, bitewe na kasitori ya kirisiti yo kurwanya icyerekezo cya magnetisme.
Kuberako irimo electron enye zidakorewe muburyo bwa electron ugereranije na (ugereranije) eshatu mubyuma, atome ya neodymium irashobora kugira umwanya wa magneti dipole ikomeye.Electron idakorewe muri magneti ihujwe kuburyo kuzunguruka kwabo kwerekeje icyerekezo kimwe bitanga umurima wa rukuruzi.Ibi bivamo imbaraga zo kwiyuzuzamo gukomeye kwa Nd2Fe14B (Js 1.6 T cyangwa 16 kG) hamwe na magnetisike isigaye ya 1.3 teslas.Nkigisubizo, iki cyiciro cya magneti gifite ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu nyinshi za magneti (BHmax 512 kJ / m3 cyangwa 64 MGOe), kuko ubwinshi bwingufu zingana na Js2.
Ingufu za rukuruzi zifite agaciro kangana ninshuro 18 nubunini ninshuro 12 kubwinshi burenze "bisanzwe" ferrite.Samarium cobalt (SmCo), magnet ya mbere iboneka mubucuruzi budasanzwe-isi, ifite urwego rwo hasi rwingufu za rukuruzi kuruta NdFeB.Imiterere ya magneti ya Neodymium irangwa rwose na microstructure ya alloy, inzira yo gukora, hamwe nibigize.
Atome y'icyuma hamwe na neodymium-boron ikomatanya iboneka mubindi bisimburana imbere ya Nd2Fe14B.Atom ya diamagnetic boron itera ubumwe binyuze mumigozi ikomeye ya covalent ariko ntabwo itanga umusanzu muburyo bwa magnetisme.Imashini ya Neodymium ihenze cyane kuruta samariyumu-cobalt bitewe na metero nkeya ugereranije n’ubutaka (12% ku bunini, 26.7% na misa), hamwe no kubona neodymium na fer ugereranije na samarium na cobalt.
Ibyiza
Amanota:
Ibicuruzwa byinshi bitanga ingufu za neodymium magnet-bihuye numusaruro wa magnetiki flux kuri buri gice - bikoreshwa mubyiciro.Imashini zikomeye zerekanwa nagaciro keza.Hano haribisanzwe byemewe kwisi yose kurutonde rwa NdFeB yacumuye.Zifite agaciro kuva 28 kugeza 52. Neodymium, cyangwa magnet ya NdFeB yacumuye, yerekanwa na N ibanza mbere yagaciro.Indangagaciro zikurikirwa ninyuguti zerekana guhatira imbere nubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukora, bufitanye isano neza nubushyuhe bwa Curie kandi buringaniye kuva kuri (kugeza 80 ° C cyangwa 176 ° F) kugeza kuri TH (230 ° C cyangwa 446 ° F) .
Impamyabumenyi yagucumura Magnets ya NdFeB:
N30-N56, N30M-N52M, N30H-N52H, N30SH-N52SH, N28UH-N45UH, N28EH-N42EH, N30AH-N38AH
Ibyiza bya Magnetique:
Mubintu byingenzi biranga ikoreshwa mu gutandukanya magnesi zihoraho harimo:
Gusigara(Br),igereranya imbaraga za rukuruzi.
Guhatirwa(Hci),demagnetisation irwanya ibikoresho.
Igicuruzwa ntarengwa(BHmax),agaciro gakomeye ka magnetiki flux yuzuye (B) inshuro
imbaraga za magnetique imbaraga, zipima ubucucike bwingufu za magneti (H).
Ubushyuhe bwa Curie (TC), ingingo aho ikintu kireka kuba magnetique.
Imashini ya Neodymium iruta ubundi bwoko bwa magneti mubijyanye na remanence, agahato, nibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu, ariko akenshi bifite ubushyuhe buke bwa Curie.Terbium na dysprosium nibintu bibiri bidasanzwe bya neodymium magnet alloys byakozwe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa Curie no kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi.Imikorere ya magneti ya Neodymium itandukanye nubundi bwoko bwa magneti buhoraho mumeza hepfo.
| Magnet | Br(T) | Hcj(kA / m) | BHmaxkJ / m3 | TC | |
| (℃) | (℉) | ||||
| Nd2Fe14B, yacumuye | 1.0-1.4 | 750-2000 | 200-440 | 310-400 | 590-752 |
| Nd2Fe14B, ihujwe | 0.6-0.7 | 600-1200 | 60-100 | 310-400 | 590-752 |
| SmCo5, yacumuye | 0.8-1.1 | 600-2000 | 120-200 | 720 | 1328 |
| Sm (Co, Fe, Cu, Zr) 7 yacumuye | 0.9-1.15 | 450-1300 | 150-240 | 800 | 1472 |
| AlNiCi, yacumuye | 0.6-1.4 | 275 | 10-88 | 700-860 | 1292-1580 |
| Sr-Ferrite, yacumuye | 0.2-0.78 | 100-300 | 10-40 | 450 | 842 |
Ibibazo bya Ruswa
Imipaka yintete ya magneti yacumuye irashobora kwibasirwa cyane na Nd2Fe14B.Ubu bwoko bwa ruswa bushobora kuvamo kwangirika gukomeye, nko gutemba hejuru yubuso cyangwa gusenyuka kwa rukuruzi mu ifu ya uduce duto duto twa magneti.
Ibicuruzwa byinshi byubucuruzi bikemura iki kibazo ushizemo igifuniko cyo gukingira kugirango uhagarike ibidukikije.Isahani ikunze kugaragara ni nikel, nikel-umuringa-nikel, na zinc, mugihe ibindi byuma nabyo bishobora gukoreshwa, kimwe na polymer na lacquer birindaimpuzu.
Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe
Neodymium ifite coefficient itari nziza, bivuze ko iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse, haba ku gahato ndetse n’ubucucike bukabije bwa magneti (BHmax) bugabanuka.Ku bushyuhe bw’ibidukikije, magnesi ya neodymium-fer-boron ifite imbaraga nyinshi;ariko, iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongereye hejuru ya 100 ° C (212 ° F), agahato kagabanuka vuba kugeza kageze ku bushyuhe bwa Curie, buri hagati ya 320 ° C cyangwa 608 ° F.Uku kugabanuka kwagahato kugabanya imbaraga za magneti mubikorwa byubushyuhe bwo hejuru nka turbine yumuyaga, moteri ya Hybrid, nibindi. Kugirango wirinde imikorere igabanuka kubera ihindagurika ryubushyuhe, terbium (Tb) cyangwa dysprosium (Dy) hiyongereyeho, byongera ikiguzi cya rukuruzi.
Porogaramu
Kuberako imbaraga zayo zisumba izindi zituma ikoreshwa rya magneti ntoya, yoroshye kuri progaramu yatanzwe, magneti ya neodymium yatanze magnetiki ya alnico na ferrite muri byinshi mubisabwa bitabarika mubuhanga bugezweho aho bisabwa imbaraga za magneti zihoraho.Dore ingero nyinshi:
Imikorere yumutwe kuri disiki ikomeye ya mudasobwa
Imashini ya e-itabi irasa
Gufunga imiryango
terefone igendanwa & moteri ya autofocus
Abakozi& Moteri ya moteri
Moteri yo guterura hamwe na compressor
Moteri ya spindle na intambwe
Moteri yo gutwara ibinyabiziga n'amashanyarazi
Amashanyarazi ya turbine yumuyaga (hamwe na magnetique ihoraho)
Gucuruza itangazamakuru ryimanza
Imashini zikomeye za neodymium zikoreshwa munganda zitunganya kugirango zifate imibiri yamahanga no kurinda ibicuruzwa nibikorwa.
Imbaraga ziyongera za magneti ya neodymium yahumekeye imikoreshereze mishya nka clasps ya imitako ya magnetiki, ibikoresho byubaka abana (hamwe na neodymium)ibikinisho bya rukuruzi), kandi murwego rwo gufunga ibikoresho bya siporo ya parasute.Nibikoresho byingenzi mumashanyarazi yahoze akunzwe cyane azwi nka "Buckyballs" na "Buckycubes," nyamara amaduka amwe yo muri Amerika yahisemo kutayagurisha kubera impungenge z'umutekano w'abana, kandi barabujijwe muri Kanada kubera impamvu imwe.
Mugihe hagaragaye imashini zifungura magnetiki resonance yerekana amashusho (MRI) zikoreshwa mu kureba umubiri mu mashami ya radiologiya nk'uburyo bwa magneti arenze urugero, imbaraga hamwe na magnetiki yumurima bahuje ibitsina bya neodymium na byo byafunguye uburyo bushya mu buvuzi.
Imashini ya Neodymium ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya gastroesophageal nka sisitemu yo kubaga anti-reflux, ikaba ari itsinda rya magnesi zabazwe hafi ya sphincter yo hepfo (GERD).Bashyizwe kandi mu ntoki kugirango bashobore kumva ibyiyumvo bya magneti, nubwo iki ari igikorwa cyubushakashatsi biohackers na gride gusa bamenyereye.
Magnette NdFeBbifite imiterere ihanitse ya magnetique kandi ikoreshwa mubice byinshi, harimo inzugi zumuryango, moteri, moteri, hamwe ninganda zikomeye.
Imashini ifunzezirakomeye kuruta inshinge zakozwe.
Injiza ya plastike NdFeBni igisekuru gishya cyibikoresho bigizwe nifu ya magnetiki ihoraho hamwe na plastiki, hamwe nibintu bidasanzwe bya magnetiki na plastike, kimwe nukuri kandi birwanya guhangayika.
