Buriwese azi ko magnesi zikenewe mubikoresho byamashanyarazi nka disikuru, abavuga, na terefone, none ni uruhe ruhare rukuruzi rukora mubikoresho bya electroacoustic? Ni izihe ngaruka imikorere ya magneti igira ku majwi asohoka? Ni uruhe rukuruzi rugomba gukoreshwa mu bavuga imico itandukanye?
Ngwino ushakishe abavuga hamwe na magnesi zivuga hamwe nawe uyumunsi.
Ibice byingenzi bishinzwe gukora amajwi mugikoresho cyamajwi ni umuvugizi, ubusanzwe uzwi nkumuvugizi. Yaba stereo cyangwa na terefone, iki kintu cyingenzi ningirakamaro. Umuvugizi ni ubwoko bwigikoresho gihindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi mubimenyetso bya acoustic. Imikorere yumuvugizi igira uruhare runini kumajwi meza. Niba ushaka gusobanukirwa na magnetisme yumuvugizi, ugomba kubanza gutangirana nihame ryumvikana ryumuvugizi.
Ubusanzwe disikuru igizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi nka T icyuma, magnet, coil yijwi na diaphragm. Twese tuzi ko umurima wa magneti uzabyara mumashanyarazi, kandi imbaraga zumuyaga zigira ingaruka kumbaraga za magneti (icyerekezo cyumurima wa rukuruzi gikurikiza itegeko ryiburyo). Umwanya wa magneti uhuye urabyara. Umwanya wa magneti ukorana numurima wa magneti ukorwa na magnet kuri disikuru. Izi mbaraga zitera igiceri cyijwi kunyeganyega hamwe nimbaraga zamajwi mumajwi ya magneti. Diaphragm yumuvugizi hamwe na coil yijwi bihujwe hamwe. Iyo coil yijwi hamwe na diafragma yumuvugizi yinyeganyeza hamwe kugirango asunike umwuka ukikije kunyeganyega, utanga disikuru atanga amajwi.
Kubijyanye nubunini bumwe bwa magneti hamwe na coil imwe yijwi, imikorere ya magneti igira ingaruka itaziguye kumajwi yijwi:
-Ubunini bwinshi bwa magnetiki flux (induction ya magnetique) B ya magneti, niko imbaraga zikomeye zikora kumajwi.
-Ubunini bwinshi bwa magnetiki flux (induction ya magnetique) B, niko imbaraga nini, kandi niko urwego rwumuvuduko wijwi rya SPL (sensitivite).
Amatwi ya terefone yerekana urwego rwumuvuduko wijwi na terefone ishobora gusohora mugihe werekeza kuri sine ya 1mw na 1khz. Igice cyumuvuduko wamajwi ni dB (decibel), niko umuvuduko mwinshi wijwi, niko ijwi ryiyongera, bityo rero ibyiyumvo byinshi, niko impedance igabanuka, niko byoroha na terefone gukora amajwi.
-Ubunini bunini bwa magnetiki flux (ubukana bwa magnetique induction) B, ugereranije Q agaciro kagereranijwe kubintu byose bifite ubuziranenge bwa disikuru.
Q agaciro (qualityfactor) bivuga itsinda ryibipimo byumuvugizi wa damping coefficient, aho Qms ari ugusibanganya sisitemu ya mashini, igaragaza kwinjiza no gukoresha ingufu mukugenda kwibice bigize disikuru. Ikibazo ni ugusibanganya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, bigaragarira cyane cyane mu gukoresha ingufu z'ijwi coil DC irwanya; Qts nigiteranyo cyuzuye, kandi isano iri hagati yibi bibiri ni Qts = Qms * Qes / (Qms + Qes).
-Ubunini bwinshi bwa magnetiki flux (induction ya magnetique) B, nibyiza byigihe gito.
Inzibacyuho irashobora kumvikana nk "igisubizo cyihuse" kubimenyetso, Qms ni ndende. Amatwi ya terefone afite igisubizo cyinzibacyuho agomba gusubiza mugihe ikimenyetso kije, kandi ikimenyetso kizahagarara mukimara guhagarara. Kurugero, inzibacyuho kuva kurongora kuri ensemble igaragara cyane mungoma na simfoniya yerekana ibintu binini.
Hariho ubwoko butatu bwa magneti ya disikuru ku isoko: aluminium nikel cobalt, ferrite na neodymium fer boron, Imashini zikoreshwa muri electroacoustics ahanini ni magnesi ya neodymium na ferrite. Zibaho mubunini butandukanye bwimpeta cyangwa disiki. NdFeB ikoreshwa kenshi mubicuruzwa byohejuru. Ijwi ryakozwe na magnesi ya neodymium rifite amajwi meza cyane, amajwi meza yoroheje, imikorere yijwi ryiza, hamwe nijwi ryukuri ryumwanya. Twishimikije imikorere myiza ya Magnetics ya Honsen, boron ntoya kandi yoroheje neodymium fer boron yatangiye gusimbuza buhoro buhoro ferrite nini kandi iremereye.
Alnico yari magneti ya mbere yakoreshejwe mu bavuga, nk'umuvugizi mu myaka ya za 1950 na 1960 (uzwi nka tweeter). Mubisanzwe bikozwe muma magnetiki yimbere (ubwoko bwa magnetique yo hanze nayo irahari). Ikibi ni uko imbaraga ari nto, intera yumurongo iragufi, irakomeye kandi yoroheje, kandi gutunganya ntibyoroshye. Mubyongeyeho, cobalt ni umutungo muke, kandi igiciro cya aluminium nikel cobalt ni kinini. Urebye imikorere yikiguzi, ikoreshwa rya aluminium nikel cobalt kuri magnesi ya disikuru ni nto.
Ubusanzwe Ferrite ikorwa muma magnetiki yo hanze. Imikorere ya ferrite ikora ni mike, kandi ingano runaka irasabwa kugirango uhuze imbaraga zo kuvuga. Kubwibyo, muri rusange ikoreshwa kubantu benshi bavuga amajwi. Ibyiza bya ferrite nuko bihendutse kandi bidahenze; ibibi ni uko ingano ari nini, imbaraga ni nto, kandi intera ikaba ari nto.
Imiterere ya magnetiki ya NdFeB irarenze kure AlNiCo na ferrite kandi kuri ubu ni magnesi zikoreshwa cyane kubavuga, cyane cyane abavuga rikomeye. Akarusho nuko munsi ya magnetique imwe, ubunini bwayo ni buto, imbaraga nini, kandi intera yagutse. Kugeza ubu, HiFi na terefone ikoresha cyane cyane magnesi. Ingaruka ni uko kubera ibintu bidasanzwe byisi, igiciro cyibintu kiri hejuru.
Mbere ya byose, birakenewe gusobanura ubushyuhe bwibidukikije aho umuvugizi akorera, no kumenya magneti agomba guhitamo ukurikije ubushyuhe. Imashini zitandukanye zifite ibiranga ubushyuhe butandukanye, kandi ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukora bushobora gushyigikira nabwo buratandukanye. Iyo ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bukora bwa magneti burenze ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwakazi, ibintu nkibikorwa bya magnetique attenuation hamwe na demagnetisation bishobora kubaho, bizagira ingaruka kumajwi yumuvugizi.
