Imashini ihoraho ya Magnetiki Synchronous Motor, igice cyingenzi cyibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, ifite umutungo wimbere murugo nibyiza byinshi

Bitewe nubwiza buhebuje bwumubiri, imiterere yimiti ninziza nziza,ibikoresho bya rukuruzizikoreshwa cyane mubice byimodoka, bitezimbere cyane imikorere yibice byimodoka. Ibikoresho bya magnetique nibikoresho byingenzi bya moteri itwara ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu. Amashanyarazi yabaye icyerekezo cyiterambere cyinganda zikoresha amamodoka kwisi yose, kandi isoko ryibikoresho bya magneti bifite umwanya munini. Byongeye kandi, Ubushinwa bufite ibigega byinshi by’ubutaka budasanzwe ku isi. Ubushinwa bufite ububiko bunini bwubutaka budasanzwe, umusaruro mwinshi nigiciro hamwe nibyiza byumutungo. Hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda nshya z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa, ibikoresho bya magnetiki byo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi bigera ku bicuruzwa bizahinduka ingingo nshya y’iterambere ry’inganda mu bihe biri imbere.

Mu gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa bikoresha ibikoresho bya magneti, Ubushinwa bukoresha hafi 50%. Muburyo bukenewe kwisi yose yibikoresho bya magnetiki bikora cyane, ibinyabiziga bifite 52%.

Moteri yo gutwara ni kimwe mubintu bitatu byingenzi bigize ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu. Ibikoresho bya magneti nibikoresho nyamukuru kuri stator na rotor ya moteri yo gutwara. Nk’uko imibare ya Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ry’Ubushinwa ibigaragaza, mu Kuboza 2019, ubushobozi bwashyizweho na moteri yo mu gihugu mu Bushinwa bwari bumaze kugera kuri miliyoni 1.24, muri bwo moteri ihoraho ya magnetiki ihoraho igera kuri 99% by’umugabane ku isoko. Imashini ihoraho ya magnetiki ihuriweho ahanini igizwe na stator, rotor na roting, igifuniko cyanyuma nibindi bikoresho byubukanishi. Ubwiza n'imikorere y'ibikoresho bya magneti bigena mu buryo butaziguye ibipimo by'ingenzi nko gukoresha ingufu no guhagarara kwa moteri ihoraho ya moteri.

Imashini zikoresha moteri zikoreshwa mugutwara moteri yimodoka nshya. Moteri itwara ibinyabiziga bishya ningufu ni imashini igenda ikora amashanyarazi ikora ku ihame rya induction ya electronique. Ikoreshwa muguhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ingufu za mashini no gukuramo ingufu z'amashanyarazi muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi mugihe ikora. Ibisohoka imbaraga za mashini kuri sisitemu ya mashini. Imashini ihoraho isubira inyuma moteri igizwe ahanini na stator, rotor na roting, igifuniko cyanyuma nibindi bikoresho byubukanishi. Muri byo, ubuziranenge n'imikorere ya stator na rotor cores igena neza agaciro k'ibipimo by'ingenzi nko gukoresha ingufu no guhagarara kwa moteri ya moteri, bingana na 19% na 11% by'agaciro kose ka moteri ihoraho ya moteri ikomatanya. Ibikoresho bya magneti bikoreshwa cyane cyane muri moteri yimodoka. Uhereye ku bintu bifatika, ibikoresho bya magnetiki hamwe n'amabati ya silikoni ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi bigena agaciro ka moteri ihoraho ya moteri ikora, bingana na 30% na 20% by'igiciro cyose.

Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bwa moteri yimodoka ikoreshwa mumodoka nshya yingufu ni moteri ya AC idahwitse na moteri ihoraho ya moteri. Yerekana inzira igenda yiyongera uko umwaka utashye. Nka nkomoko yingufu zibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, moteri ihoraho ya moteri (PMSM) ifite ibiranga ubwinshi bwingufu nyinshi, imikorere yizewe kandi ikora umuvuduko uhinduka, ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwa moteri. Irashobora gutanga ingufu nyinshi munsi yubunini nubunini bumwe, kandi ni ubwoko bwiza bwa moteri kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu. Muri byo, Ubuyapani na Koreya y'Epfo bifata imashini ihoraho ya magneti, naho Uburayi bukoresha imashini ya AC idahwitse. Moteri ihoraho ya magnetiki (PMSM) yabaye imashini ikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi bw’imodoka nshya z’Ubushinwa bitewe n’imbaraga zayo nyinshi, ingufu nke, ingano nto n’uburemere.